基本信息
标准名称: | 加强半园头方颈螺栓 |
英文名称: | Strengthened cap head square neck bolts |
中标分类: |
机械 >>
通用零部件 >>
紧固件 |
ICS分类: |
机械系统和通用件 >>
紧固件 >>
螺栓、螺钉、螺柱
|
替代情况: | GB 794-1967 |
发布部门: | 国家技术监督局 |
发布日期: | 1993-03-01 |
实施日期: | 1993-01-02 |
首发日期: | 1967-03-06 |
作废日期: | 1900-01-01 |
主管部门: | 中国机械工业联合会 |
归口单位: | 全国紧固件标准化技术委员会 |
起草单位: | 纺织部纺织机械研究所 |
出版社: | 中国标准出版社 |
出版日期: | 1900-01-01 |
页数: | 平装16开, 页数:8, 字数:11千字 |
适用范围
本标准规定了螺纹规格为M6~M20、B级和C级的加强半圆头方颈螺栓。注:商品紧固件品种,应优先选用。
前言
没有内容
目录
没有内容
引用标准
没有内容
所属分类: 机械 通用零部件 紧固件 机械系统和通用件 紧固件 螺栓 螺钉 螺柱
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforAquaticToxicityTestingofLubricants:SamplePreparationandResultsInterpretation
【原文标准名称】:润滑剂水中毒性试验的标准操作规程:样品制备和结果判断
【标准号】:ASTMD6081-1998(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1998
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D02.12
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:aquatictoxicology;ecotoxicity;effectload;incidentload;lethalload;lubricant;mechanicaldispersion;wateraccommodatedfraction(WAF):watersolublefraction(WSF)
【摘要】:Thispracticegivestechniquestouseinthepreparationoflubricantsorlubricantcomponentsforacuteorchronicaquatictoxicitytests.Mostlubricantsandlubricantcomponentsaredifficulttoevaluateintoxicitytestsbecausetheyaremixturesofchemicalcompoundswithvaryingandusuallypoorsolubilityinwater.Lubricantsorlubricantcomponentmixturesshouldnotbeaddeddirectlytoaquaticsystemsfortoxicitytestingbecausethedetailsoftheadditionprocedurewillhavealargeeffectontheresultsofthetoxicitytest.Useofthetechniquesdescribedinthispracticewillproducewell-characterizedtestsystemsthatwillleadtotestswithmeaningfulandreproducibleresults.Thetoxicityofmixturesofpoorlysolublecomponentscannotbeexpressedintheusualtermsoflethalconcentration(orthesimilartermsofeffectconcentrationorinhibitionconcentration)becausethemixturesmaynotbecompletelysolubleattreatlevelsthatleadtotoxiceffects.Thetestmaterialpreparationtechniquesgiveninthispracticeleadtotestresultsexpressedintermsofloadingrate,whichisapracticalandmeaningfulconceptforexpressingthetoxicityofthistypeofmaterial.Oneoftherecommendedmethodsofmaterialpreparationforlubricantsortheircomponentsisthemechanicaldispersiontechnique.Thisparticulartechniquegeneratesturbulence,andthus,itshouldnotbeusedforpoorlyswimmingorganisms.1.1Thispracticecoversprocedurestobeusedinthepreparationoflubricantsortheircomponentsfortoxicitytestinginaquaticsystemsandintheinterpretationoftheresultsofsuchtests.1.2Thispracticeissuitableforuseonfully-formulatedlubricantsortheircomponentsthatarenotcompletelysolubleattheintendedtesttreatrates.Itisalsosuitableforusewithadditives,iftheadditiveistestedafterbeingblendedintoacarrierfluidattheapproximateconcentrationasintheintendedfullyformulatedlubricant.Thecarrierfluidshallmeettheabovesolubilitycriterion,beknowntobeminimallytoxicinthetoxicitytestinwhichthematerialwillbetested,andbeknowntohaveachemicalcompositionsimilartotherestoftheintendedfullyformulatedlubricant.1.3Samplespreparedinaccordancewiththispracticemaybeusedinacuteorchronicaquatictoxicitytestsconductedinfreshwaterorsaltwaterwithfish,largeinvertebrates,oralgae.Thispracticedoesnotaddresspreparationofsamplesforplanttoxicitytestingotherthanalgae.1.4Standardacuteandchronicaquatictoxicityproceduresaremoreappropriateforlubricantswithcompositionsthatarecompletelysolubleattheintendedtesttreatrates(1,2,3,4,5).1.5Thispracticeisintendedforusewithlubricantsorlubricantcomponentsofanyvolatility.1.6Thispracticedoesnotaddressanyquestionsregardingtheeffectsofanylubricantorlubricantcomponentonhumanhealth.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:E34
【国际标准分类号】:13_020_40;75_100
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】: